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ESAMS
HOST SYSTEMS: SGI, SUN, DEC Alpha, PC, HP
PROGRAM LANGUAGE: FORTRAN 90
ESAMS
is a digital
computer program used to model the interaction between a
single airborne target and a surface-to-air missile (SAM) air
defense system. Detailed data has been abstracted from
intelligence information and incorporated into the model to
provide comprehensive representation of the Soviet land-based
and naval missile systems. The CADS1, VT1, Roland 2, Roland 3,
Crotale, and IHAWK are also included. The user may
individually specify each site’s location, or have ESAMS
arrange sites in rectangular, concentric circles, or
semi-circles. Missile fire control, guidance, aerodynamics,
and movement are also patterned. The model details the
characteristics of both ground and missile seeker radar. ESAMS
models aircraft from their signature data and optional
vulnerability data.
This simulation provides a one-on-one
framework used to evaluate air vehicle survivability and
tactics optimization. ESAMS can execute simple, straight and
level, or complex flight paths. The flight path generator,
BLUEMAX, has been incorporated into ESAMS and can be invoked
with an input parameter. In addition, the user may specify
that the aircraft execute a special maneuver in reaction to
one of several situations. Optionally, the aircraft may be
instructed to execute a special set of maneuvers, called the
initial maneuver set, in reaction to specific event situations
such as a missile approach. The aircraft may also be
instructed to make a final terminal maneuver to attempt to
avoid the missile if impact seems eminent. If the attempt to
avoid the missile is successful, then the aircraft will return
to its original flight plan. Another optional feature allows
the model to base its missile warning system simulation on the
general performance of a missile approach radar (MAR). When
using reactive maneuvers, the model assumes the aircraft
always detects the occurrence of trigger events such as
missile launch. If MAR is enabled, detection occurs according
to given criteria instead.
If desired, the model can simulate various
environmental effects including; atmosphere, terrain,
multi-path and clutter. ESAMS can simulate the effects of wind
on both aircraft and missiles. The model uses either a curved
or flat earth model for masking checks. In addition, ESAMS can
be run with native (bald earth with a homogenous surface) or
digital terrain input. If native terrain is used, the model
calculates its own back-scatter values. With digital terrain,
the Ground RAdar Clutter Estimator (GRACE) is used to access
site masking and generate back-scatter coefficients for site
specific terrain.
The ESAMS model consists of software processing
components and a simulation database containing missile,
target, and environmental characteristic files. ESAMS can be
run with or without a SAM file. SAM files provide the data
used to model a particular aircraft/SAM combination; it also
instructs the program which data files are required for the
run. The most common way to run ESAMS requires the use of a
binary SAM file and a user prepared input file. If a SAM file
is used, the preprocessor reads the master or data text files
to produce the binary SAM file. The preprocessor is designed
to; create data, master, or SAM files; update master or SAM
files; print the content of data, master, or SAM files; and
list the data block headers of master or SAM files. If ESAMS
is run with direct data inputs, either a SAM file is not used
or parts of the SAM file are superseded. Common blocks and
overlays are input directly into ESAMS, where overlays
supersede corresponding common block inputs. Vulnerability
data, consisting of glitter point data, blast data, vulnerable
component data, and miscellaneous variables, is required only
if an endgame analysis is requested and varies with the type
of endgame option selected.
ESAMS output reports can be produced in either block or column
formats. Outputs can be printed to a file or sent to the
monitor as directed by the user. Users also tailor the run
results to show relevant information. If the event output flag
is turned on, the output will include event messages such as,
when the target was acquired and when tracking was
established. If the missile is launched, several additional
messages are output. Detailed missile flyout data are output
throughout the flight including missile thrust, weight,
velocity, angle of attack and seeker tracking data. If the
summary output flag is turned on, the output will include run
summaries such as; missile flyout, missile site, and runs.
ESAMS also adds an echo of the inputs to every report.
Finally, ESAMS includes logic to allow it to make detailed
endgame calculations. Miss distance, closest approach, Pk, Pk
due to blast, and Pk due to fragmentation are reported when
the endgame is enabled.
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